Frequently Asked Questions

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. It requires lifelong insulin therapy and blood sugar monitoring to manage.

The exact cause is not fully understood, but it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

• Genetic Factors: Certain genes (e.g., HLA-DR and HLA-DQ) increase susceptibility, often inherited, but not all with these genes develop the disease.
• Environmental Triggers: Viral infections (e.g., coxsackievirus, mumps), early diet (e.g., cow’s milk exposure), or other unknown factors may trigger the autoimmune response in genetically predisposed individuals.
• Autoimmune Process: The immune system targets beta cells, leading to their destruction, halting insulin production, and causing high blood sugar.
• Non-Preventable: Unlike Type 2, lifestyle factors like diet or exercise do not cause Type 1; it’s not preventable with current knowledge.

Type 1 Diabetes symptoms arise from high blood sugar due to the body's inability to produce insulin. They often develop quickly, over days or weeks, especially in children and adolescents.

• Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): High blood sugar causes dehydration, leading to excessive thirst.
• Frequent Urination (Polyuria): The body tries to eliminate excess sugar through urine, increasing urination frequency.
• Extreme Hunger (Polyphagia): Without insulin, cells can’t use glucose for energy, causing persistent hunger.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: The body breaks down fat and muscle for energy, leading to rapid weight loss despite eating normally.
• Fatigue and Weakness: Lack of glucose in cells reduces energy, causing tiredness and lethargy.
• Blurred Vision: High blood sugar can affect eye fluid levels, leading to temporary vision changes.
• Irritability or Mood Changes: Blood sugar fluctuations can impact mood and mental clarity.
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Symptoms (in severe cases): Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity-smelling breath, and rapid breathing, indicating a medical emergency.